Design of coal mine optical fiber sensing emergency communication system
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摘要: 针对煤矿井下发生瓦斯爆炸、突水等灾害时造成断电使通信中断的问题，设计了一种基于煤矿井下既有光缆的光纤传感应急通信系统，实现了矿井灾后无电环境下对井下被困人员声音信息的采集、传输和处理。该系统包含光纤声音传感子系统与硬件解调子系统2个部分：在井下巷道铺设的光缆中加入光纤探头，构建光纤声音传感子系统，侦听巷道内被困人员呼喊、敲击等声音信号；硬件解调子系统放置于地面，用于提取并还原加载在光信号里的音频信息。光纤声音传感子系统采用ASE宽带光源作为探测光，通过延迟光纤解决测量盲区问题，根据探测光的相位和光强变化与声波信号的关系实现井下声音信息采集；硬件解调子系统通过光电转换模块和音频处理模块对采集的声音信号进行解调处理，对微弱信号进行提取放大。实验结果表明，在10 km的测试距离内，该系统可检测并提取距光纤探头0~5 m、频率范围为0.3~3.4 kHz的声音信号，精度为±0.5 Hz。Abstract: In view of problem of communication interruption due to power outages when gas explosions, water inrush and other disasters occurred in underground coal mines, an optical fiber sensing emergency communication system based on existing optical cables in underground coal mines was designed to realize collection, transmission and processing of sound information of trapped personnel in underground coal mines without electricity after mine disater. The system includes two parts: the optical fiber sound sensing subsystem and the hardware demodulation subsystem. The optical fiber sound sensing subsystem is constructed by adding optical fiber probes to the optical cables laid in underground roadway to monitor sound signals of the shouts and knocks of trapped people in the roadway. The hardware demodulation subsystem is placed on the ground to extract and restore the audio information loaded in the optical signal. The optical fiber sound sensing subsystem uses ASE broadband light source as the detection light, and solves measurement blind area problem through the delay fiber, and underground sound information collection is realized according to the relationship between the phase and light intensity changes of the detection light and the acoustic signal. The hardware demodulation subsystem adopts photoelectric conversion module and audio processing module to demodulate the collected sound signal, extract and amplify the weak signal. Experimental results show that within test distance of 10 km, the system can detect and extract sound signals with frequency range of 0.3 -3.4 kHz and 0 -5 m away from the fiber optic probe, with an accuracy of ±0.5 Hz.
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